PMID- 11702878
DA - 20011112
DCOM- 20011204
IS - 0022-3085
VI - 95
IP - 5
DP - 2001 Nov
TI - Mild head injury increasing the brain's vulnerability to a second concussive impact.
PG - 859-70 AB - OBJECT: Mild, traumatic repetitive head injury (RHI) leads to neurobehavioral impairment and is associated with the early onset of neurodegenerative disease. The authors developed an animal model to investigate the behavioral and pathological changes associated with RHI. METHODS: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a single injury (43 mice), repetitive injury (two injuries 24 hours apart; 49 mice), or no impact (36 mice). Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze test, and neurological motor function was evaluated using a battery of neuroscore, rotarod, and rotating pole tests. The animals were also evaluated for cardiovascular changes, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, traumatic axonal injury, and neurodegenerative and histopathological changes between 1 day and 56 days after brain trauma. No cognitive dysfunction was detected in any group. The single-impact group showed mild impairment according to the neuroscore test at only 3 days postinjury, whereas RHI caused pronounced deficits at 3 days and 7 days following the second injury. Moreover, RHI led to functional impairment during the rotarod and rotating pole tests that was not observed in any animal after a single impact. Small areas of cortical BBB breakdown and axonal injury. observed after a single brain injury, were profoundly exacerbated after RHI. Immunohistochemical staining for microtubule-associated protein-2 revealed marked regional loss of immunoreactivity only in animals subjected to RHI. No deposits of beta-amyloid or tau were observed in any brain-injured animal. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of their results, the authors suggest that the brain has an increased vulnerability to a second traumatic insult for at least 24 hours following an initial episode of mild brain trauma.
AD - The Head Injury Center, Department of Neurosurgery, University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6316, USA.
FAU - Laurer, H L
AU - Laurer HL
FAU - Bareyre, F M
AU - Bareyre FM
FAU - Lee, V M
AU - Lee VM
FAU - Trojanowski, J Q
AU - Trojanowski JQ
FAU - Longhi, L
AU - Longhi L
FAU - Hoover, R
AU - Hoover R
FAU - Saatman, K E
AU - Saatman KE
FAU - Raghupathi, R
AU - Raghupathi R
FAU - Hoshino, S
AU - Hoshino S
FAU - Grady, M S
AU - Grady MS
FAU - McIntosh, T K
AU - McIntosh TK
LA - eng
ID - P01-AG11542/AG/NIA
ID - P30-AG10124/AG/NIA
ID - P50-NS08803/NS/NINDS
ID - R01-GM34690/GM/NIGMS
ID - R01-NS40978/NS/NINDS
PT - Journal Article
CY - United States
TA - J Neurosurg
JID - 0253357
SB - AIM
SB - IM
MH - Animal
MH - Brain/pathology/*physiopathology
MH - Brain Concussion/*etiology
MH - Cardiovascular System/physiopathology
MH - Cognition
MH - Craniocerebral Trauma/*complications/pathology/*physiopathology/psychology
MH - Disease Susceptibility
MH - Male
MH - Mice
MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH - Movement Disorders/etiology
MH - Recurrence
MH - Severity of Illness Index
MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2001/11/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/01/05 10:01
PST - ppublish
SO - J Neurosurg 2001 Nov;95(5):859-70.